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Digital healthcare (also known as digital health) is an upcoming discipline that involves the use of information and communication technologies to help address the health problems and challenges faced by patients. These technologies include both hardware and software solutions and services.〔Airedale Digital Healthcare Centre. What is digital healthcare? Available at: http://www.airedaledigitalhealthcarecentre.nhs.uk/.〕 Generally, digital healthcare is concerned about the development of interconnected health systems so as to improve the use of computational technologies, smart devices, computational analysis techniques and communication media to aid healthcare professionals and patients manage illnesses and health risks, as well as promote health and wellbeing.〔Institute of Digital Healthcare. Digital Healthcare Master's Programme for 2013. Available at: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/wmg/idh/study/mastersprogramme/.〕 Digital healthcare is a multi-disciplinary domain which involves many stakeholders, including clinicians, researchers and scientists with a wide range of expertise in healthcare, engineering, social sciences, public health, health economics and management.〔〔University of Sheffield. Centre for Assistive Technology and Digital Healthcare. Available at: http://www.shef.ac.uk/scharr/sections/hsr/rrg/catdh.〕 ==Innovation cycle== The innovation process for digital healthcare is an iterative cycle for technological solutions that is classified into five main activity processes beginning from the identification of the healthcare problem to implementation and evaluation in working clinical practices.〔〔 These five processes are: *''Identifying the healthcare problem'': This stage involves defining the healthcare problem, identifying and understanding users and their needs, and the clinical care pathway. User requirements and the context of use of digital technologies will then be formalized through relevant scientific, engineering and psychological theories and principles. *''Doing the research'': The research that informs the digital innovation is produced by scanning published literature to identify existing technologies that are appropriate and relevant to clinical practices, as well as potential technologies that can be developed. *''Designing the digital solution'': The prototype solution is designed and developed with the aid of various stakeholders according to principles of human-computer interaction,〔Yap KY, Chuang X, Lee AJM, et al. (Pharmaco-cybernetics as an interactive component of pharma-culture: empowering drug knowledge through user-, experience- and activity-centered designs ). Int J Comput Sci Issues. 2009;3:1-13.〕 including user-centered,〔Norman DA. The psychopathology of everyday things. In: The Design of Everyday Things. Reprint ed. USA: Perseus Publishing; 2002:1-33.〕 experience-centered 〔Norman DA. Emotion and design: attractive things work better. Interactions. 2002;9(4):36-42. doi:10.1145/543434.543435〕〔Norman DA. Three levels of design: visceral, behavioral, and reflective. In: Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things. 2004 ed. New York, NY: Basic Books; 2004:63-98.〕 and/or activity-centered designs.〔Kaptelinin V, Kuutti K, Bannon L. Activity theory: basic concepts and applications. A summary of a tutorial given at the east west HCI95 conference. Lect Notes Comput Sci. 1995;1015(189-201):189. doi:10.1007/3-540-60614-9 14〕〔Kaptelinin V. Activity theory: implications for human-computer interaction. In: Nardi BA, ed. Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and Human-Computer Interaction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1996:103-116.〕〔Kaptelinin V, Nardi BA. Activity theory in a nutshell. In: Acting with Technology: Activity Theory and Interaction Design. 1st ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2006:29-72.〕 *''Evaluating the digital solution and generating evidence'': The technological solution is pilot-tested in patient and user groups to ensure its effectiveness, safety and affordability. Impact evaluations are then carried out in large-scale clinical studies and/or trials, and the evidence is synthesized through published literature. This may also include clinical studies that evaluate the economic impact. *''Supporting the digital innovation'': The knowledge generated from the synthesized evidence is then shared among various stakeholders (e.g. patients, clinicians, industry) to promote and spread the digital innovation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Digital healthcare」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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